Fig. 1: Physicochemical properties of pristine GO, GO treated with Gamble’s solution (Gamble-GO), and GO treated with artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF-GO), showing that significant reduction and morphological changes occurred when GO was treated with simulated human lung fluids. | NPG Asia Materials

Fig. 1: Physicochemical properties of pristine GO, GO treated with Gamble’s solution (Gamble-GO), and GO treated with artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF-GO), showing that significant reduction and morphological changes occurred when GO was treated with simulated human lung fluids.

From: The biotransformation of graphene oxide in lung fluids significantly alters its inherent properties and bioactivities toward immune cells

Fig. 1

The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns (a), Raman spectra (b), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) transmission spectra (c) show the disappearance of the characteristic peak of GO (at ~10°), the loss of surface O-containing functional groups, and the reduction of GO upon biotransformation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of GO (d, g), Gamble-GO (e, h), and ALF-GO (f, i) show that the surfaces of the biotransformed GOs were more wrinkled than that of pristine GO. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of GO (j), Gamble-GO (k), and ALF-GO (l) show that the thickness of the GO nanosheets increased upon biotransformation

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