Fig. 4: Interactions of pristine GO, GO treated with Gamble’s solution (Gamble-GO), and GO treated with artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF-GO) with J774A.1 cells, showing reduced interactions with the plasma membrane for Gamble-GO and the adhesion of ALF-GO to the plasma membrane without cellular uptake. | NPG Asia Materials

Fig. 4: Interactions of pristine GO, GO treated with Gamble’s solution (Gamble-GO), and GO treated with artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF-GO) with J774A.1 cells, showing reduced interactions with the plasma membrane for Gamble-GO and the adhesion of ALF-GO to the plasma membrane without cellular uptake.

From: The biotransformation of graphene oxide in lung fluids significantly alters its inherent properties and bioactivities toward immune cells

Fig. 4

a Raman mapping of the J774A.1 cells upon exposure to 5 μg/mL GO, Gamble-GO, and ALF-GO for 24 h. The Raman image is overlapped with its corresponding bright-field image. The red area in the Raman images represents the signal of different GO nanomaterials. A typical Raman spectrum was acquired from three target points. Point 1 and Point 2 were located on the boundary and inside the cell, respectively, and Point 3 was randomly chosen outside the cell. b High-resolution TEM images (original magnification, ×10,000) of cells treated with 5 μg/mL GO for 24 h. Representative associations of the nanomaterials with the cell membrane (blue arrows) and inside phagosomes (red arrows) are indicated in the enlarged images (below) from the dashed-line squares

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