Fig. 6: Proinflammatory responses elicited by pristine GO, GO treated with Gamble’s solution (Gamble-GO), and GO treated with artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF-GO), showing that the biotransformations in the different lung fluids resulted in varied capabilities of the GO materials to provoke TNF-α production. | NPG Asia Materials

Fig. 6: Proinflammatory responses elicited by pristine GO, GO treated with Gamble’s solution (Gamble-GO), and GO treated with artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF-GO), showing that the biotransformations in the different lung fluids resulted in varied capabilities of the GO materials to provoke TNF-α production.

From: The biotransformation of graphene oxide in lung fluids significantly alters its inherent properties and bioactivities toward immune cells

Fig. 6

a, b Levels of secreted cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cell culture supernatants when J774A.1 cells were treated with 20 μg/mL GO for 24 h (n = 5). c TNF-α expression levels in HEK293 cells and HEK293-TLR4 cells in response to different GO materials (at 20 μg/mL) for 12 h (n = 5). Asterisk (*): P < 0.05; pound sign (#): P < 0.001 compared to the control (cells receiving no GO treatment)

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