Fig. 1: Schematic illustrating the VO2 phase transition from the monoclinic phase to the rutile phase.
From: Recent progress in the phase-transition mechanism and modulation of vanadium dioxide materials

Upper right inserts demonstrate several modulation methods including doping, electric field gating, strain, and light-induced, and the lower left shows the changes in electronic location and crystalline structure between the monoclinic phase and rutile phase