Fig. 12: Immunofluorescence assay of sciatic nerves using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α for macrophage state evaluation. | NPG Asia Materials

Fig. 12: Immunofluorescence assay of sciatic nerves using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α for macrophage state evaluation.

From: Multilayered spraying and gradient dotting of nanodiamond–polycaprolactone guidance channels for restoration of immune homeostasis

Fig. 12

Evaluation at 3 days postoperatively. Nanodiamond/polycaprolactone (ND/PCL) nerve bridge (a1–a3). PCL nerve bridge (b1–b3). Autograft (c1–c3). Evaluation at 14 days postoperatively. ND/PCL nerve bridge (d1–d3). PCL nerve bridge (e1–e3). Autograft (f1–f3). Evaluation at 4 months postoperatively. ND/PCL nerve bridge (g1–g3). PCL nerve bridge (h1–h3). Autograft (i1–i3). Nuclear staining (a1–i1). TNF-α staining (a2–i2). Merged images (a3–i3). Scale bar = 100 μm. Relative TNF-α level (j). *p < 0.05 compared with autograft, #p < 0.05 compared with PCL

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