Fig. 6: Angiogenesis evaluation of the nanodiamond/polycaprolactone (ND/PCL), PCL, and autograft groups. | NPG Asia Materials

Fig. 6: Angiogenesis evaluation of the nanodiamond/polycaprolactone (ND/PCL), PCL, and autograft groups.

From: Multilayered spraying and gradient dotting of nanodiamond–polycaprolactone guidance channels for restoration of immune homeostasis

Fig. 6

Angiogenesis of the regenerated sciatic nerves using CD31 (a–c), CD34 (d–f), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (g–i) immunofluorescence staining at 4 months postoperatively. ND/PCL nerve bridge (a1–a3, d1–d3, g1–g3). PCL nerve bridge (b1–b3, e1–e3, h1–h3). Autograft (c1–c3, f1–f3, i1–i3). Nuclear staining (a1–i1). Marker staining (a2–i2). Merged images (a3–i3). Scale bar = 100 μm. Microvessel density (mm−2) (j). Average vessel-like structure (VLS) area (mm2) (k). VLS area (mm2)/region of interest (ROI) (mm2) (l). VLS number/ROI (mm2) (m). CD31 area (mm2)/ROI (mm2) (n). CD34 area (mm2)/ROI (mm2) (o). VEGF area (mm2)/ROI (mm2) (p). *p < 0.05 compared with autograft, #p < 0.05 compared with PCL

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