Fig. 4: Inducing the osteogenic differentiation of EMSCs and TG2-EMSCs in the fibrin scaffold. | NPG Asia Materials

Fig. 4: Inducing the osteogenic differentiation of EMSCs and TG2-EMSCs in the fibrin scaffold.

From: Functional tissue-engineered bone-like graft made of a fibrin scaffold and TG2 gene-modified EMSCs for bone defect repair

Fig. 4

These differentiated cells expressed bone matrix (A) and growth factors (B). TG2-EMSCs showed stronger immunofluorescence staining for these proteins than EMSCs. C Western blotting analysis showed that the expression levels of these proteins, including VEGF, BMP-2, OPN, OCN, and COL I, in TG2-EMSCs were significantly higher than those in GFP-EMSCs. There were no significant differences in protein expression between the GFP-EMSC group and the EMSC group (D). In addition, bands for more proteins of interest with different molecular weights were observed in the TG2-EMSC group, suggesting cross-linking of the proteins by TG2. Each bar in the histogram represents the mean value ± SD of measurements of three independent replicates. n = 3, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

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