Fig. 5: Mineralization of and alkaline phosphatase activity in the TG2-EMSC/fibrin scaffold. | NPG Asia Materials

Fig. 5: Mineralization of and alkaline phosphatase activity in the TG2-EMSC/fibrin scaffold.

From: Functional tissue-engineered bone-like graft made of a fibrin scaffold and TG2 gene-modified EMSCs for bone defect repair

Fig. 5: Mineralization of and alkaline phosphatase activity in the TG2-EMSC/fibrin scaffold.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Alizarin red S staining was performed to observe mineralized bone nodules in scaffolds loaded with TG2-EMSCs (A1), TG2-EMSCs+CYS (A2), and EMSCs (A3). Many mineralized nodules were observed in the TG2-EMSC/fibrin scaffold; however, CYS inhibited mineralization. Meanwhile, the TG2-EMSC/fibrin scaffold groups exhibited stronger ALP activity (B1) than the other groups (B2, B3). Quantitative analysis of the results shown in (C, D), n = 3, **P < 0.01. E Western blotting results showing the expression levels of VEGF, BMP-2, OPN, OCN, and COL I in the three groups. F Quantification analysis indicated that the content of proteins of interest was highest in the TG2-EMSC/fibrin group. n = 3, **P < 0.01.

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