Fig. 6: Histological characteristics of the bone-like graft made of TG2-EMSCs and the fibrin scaffold for transplantation. | NPG Asia Materials

Fig. 6: Histological characteristics of the bone-like graft made of TG2-EMSCs and the fibrin scaffold for transplantation.

From: Functional tissue-engineered bone-like graft made of a fibrin scaffold and TG2 gene-modified EMSCs for bone defect repair

Fig. 6

A Calcification of the fibrin scaffold without cells after induction via an osteogenic medium with ALP by alizarin red S staining. B Little calcium deposition is shown by alizarin red S staining in the cell-free fibrin scaffold induced via osteogenic medium without ALP. C, F TG2-EMSCs seeded in the fibrin scaffold were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts/osteocytes, which were buried in bone-like tissue and expressed OCN (C). DAPI staining of the nuclei of the cells in the graft (D). Observation by phase-contrast microscopy showed the rough surface of the fibrin scaffold due to calcium deposition (E). F Merged image of (C–E). G An enlargement of the area in the marked box of (E) to show extensive insoluble calcium salt deposition, which formed the rough surface of the graft. H Calcification of the TG2-EMSC/fibrin graft by alizarin red S staining.

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