Fig. 4: Effects of graphene-based cortical stimulation on the map and synaptic plasticity.
From: Graphene-electrode array for brain map remodeling of the cortical surface
a Illustration of cortical stimulation at both the cortical surface and layer 4 using a graphene array. b Surface and layer-4 LFPs induced by auditory stimuli were simultaneously monitored before and after TBS at the cortical surface (bi). Cortical surface stimulation increased the RF size, tuning curve size, firing rate, spike amplitude, spike duration, and bandwidth (bii). c Using auditory brain slices, neural responses at the cortical surface were monitored using a stimulating electrode at cortical layer 4. TBSs were applied at two different locations: one stimulus (TBS1) at the cortical surface and the other (TBS2) at cortical layer 4. Although both TBS1 and TBS2 induced neural enhancement (bottom), the enhancement with TBS1 was larger than that with TBS2 (upper right). Data are presented as the mean ± standard error (SEM). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
