Fig. 1: Schematic illustrating bioinspired hierarchical nanochannel systems.
From: Hierarchically engineered nanochannel systems with pore-in/on-pore structures
a Schematic of a biological channel containing an ion conduction pore that enables rapid and selective ion transport. b Typical structure of a hierarchical nanochannel system. Ionic current‒voltage (I‒V) curves of artificial ion nanochannels showing a strong rectifying effect (c) (Reproduced with permission9. Copyright 2001, Wiley-VCH), ion selectivity (d) (Reproduced with permission10. CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)), ion gating (e) (Reproduced with permission12. CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/)). Hierarchical nanochannels show application prospects in ion-selective transport (f) (Reproduced with permission98. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society), osmotic energy harvesting (g) (Reproduced with permission25. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.), bioseparation and biosensing (h) (Reproduced with permission88. Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH.).
