Fig. 4: Catalytic performance of prepared Ni/zeolite catalysts for deoxygenation reactions of SA.

Comparison of normalized rates for SA conversion over the prepared Ni/zeolites (a); Time-dependent conversions of SA and product selectivities seen with Ni/ITQ-2 (b) and Ni/ITQ-2-co (c). Product compositions after the deoxygenation of palm oil over Ni/ITQ-2-co (d). Reaction conditions: 260 °C, 4 MPa H2, time = 4 h. stirring speed = 1000 rpm, stearic acid/catalyst = 10 by mass. The conversion of SA and the selectivity for each product were calculated with Equations S2 and S3. The yield of each product was calculated with Equation S4; recycling tests of Ni/ITQ-2-co (e) and Ni/ITQ-2 (f) for the deoxygenation reaction of SA. Reaction conditions: 260 °C, 4 MPa H2, time = 1 h, stirring speed = 1000 rpm, stearic acid/catalyst = 10 by mass.