Fig. 2: Morphological characterization.

a XRD patterns of RuYO2−x/C. b SEM images of RuYO2−x/C and c RuYO2−x/C. d Magnified HRTEM image of RuYO2−x/C. e–i High-angle annular dark-field image of RuYO2−x/C and EDS elemental maps (C: Yellow, O: Olive, Ru: Red, Y: Green).