Fig. 11

Appearance and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of large-area iOPV modules based on (a) PCDTBT:PC71BM [49], (b) TPD-3F:IT-4F [74], and (c) BDT-2T-ID:PNP [60]. d A photograph of the six series-connected flexible iOPV modules based on BDT-2T-ID:PNP (A = 9.5 cm2) fabricated on a PEN substrate (left) and schematic cross-sectional drawing for the basic module design [60]. Reproduced from references [49, 60] with permission from AIP Publishing, Elsevier, and American Chemical Society