Fig. 3
Evaluation of the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. (a) ALP activity of adipose-derived stem cells cultured in injectable polymer hydrogels with (+) or without (−) osteoblast differentiation inductive factors for 14 or 21 d. (b)–(d) Relative mRNA expression levels of (b) ATF4/GAPDH, (c) Osx/GAPDH, and (d) Runx2/GAPDH in adipose-derived stem cells cultured with (+) or without (−) osteoblast differentiation inductive factors for 14 or 21 d (Protocol (1)), as analyzed by RT‒qPCR. (e) and (f) ALP activity of adipose-derived stem cells cultured with (+) or without (−) osteoblast differentiation inductive factors for 14 or 21 d on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) (e) with or (f) without preincubation in the IP hydrogel for 7 d. (g)–(i) Relative mRNA expression levels of (g) ATF4/GAPDH, (h) Osx/GAPDH, and (i) Runx2/GAPDH in adipose-derived stem cells cultured with (+) or without (−) osteoblast differentiation inductive factors for 14 or 21 d on TCPS after preincubation in the IP hydrogel for 7 d (Protocol (2)), as analyzed by RT‒qPCR. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, as determined by the Tukey–Kramer test
