Fig. 4

HAXPES measurements of Sample 1 at different TOAs: (a) wide and (b, c) narrow scans related to Ti1s and Fe1s, respectively. The Ti1s spectra were observed at TOAs of 15° and 80°, while the Fe1s spectra were not confirmed at 80°. Notably, many signals from osmium were detected in the wide-scan spectrum (a) because of the osmium coating that was applied to the sample surface to prevent charging