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Rapid and highly efficient recombination of crosslinking points in hydrogels generated via the template polymerization of dynamic covalent three-dimensional nanoparticle crosslinkers

Polymer Journal volume 57, pages 315–325 (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) can be used as crosslinking points to induce self-healing and thermoplastic properties in hydrogels because the bonding and dissociation between molecules can be controlled by external stimuli. However, once DCBs dissociate, molecules diffuse inside the gel, delaying DCB reformation. In this study, a hydrogel was prepared via template polymerization using phenylboronic acid-coated nanoparticles to control the mobility of the molecules and the density of the DCB crosslinking points. Interestingly, the loss modulus, but not the storage modulus, of the hydrogel changed with temperature according to the formation/dissociation of boronic ester bonds. Furthermore, compared with conventional hydrogels, the hydrogels prepared here exhibited very rapid changes in physicochemical properties in response to changes in temperature because the high density of three-dimensional DCB crosslinking points limits the diffusion of molecules inside the gel. As a result, the prepared hydrogel showed rapid self-healing and thermoplastic properties as the temperature changed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Daishi Inoue and Daisuke Hashizume, members of the Materials Characterization Support Unit of the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), for their assistance with SEM imaging. MHO was financially supported by the RIKEN Junior Research Associate (JRA) Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan

    Mahmoud H. Othman, Yoshihiro Ito & Jun Akimoto

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

    Mahmoud H. Othman

  3. Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan

    Yoshihiro Ito

Authors
  1. Mahmoud H. Othman
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  2. Yoshihiro Ito
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  3. Jun Akimoto
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JA conceived the study. MHO conducted all the experiments and analyses. JA, MHO, and YI wrote the paper, discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jun Akimoto.

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Othman, M.H., Ito, Y. & Akimoto, J. Rapid and highly efficient recombination of crosslinking points in hydrogels generated via the template polymerization of dynamic covalent three-dimensional nanoparticle crosslinkers. Polym J 57, 315–325 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-024-00996-5

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