Fig. 5

Visualization of the cross-correlation coefficient \({C}_{\max }\) for each segment along the polymer chain in PI-B6, showing the periodic torsional motion induced by the applied electric field across different polymer chain segments at various frequencies. As the \({C}_{\max }\) values increase, the color transitions from black to white to yellow, indicating regions within the PI chains where periodic motion occurs. A Results for \({C}_{\max }\) at 1 GHz, 10 GHz, and 100 GHz when a virtual alternating electric field is applied in the X, Y, and Z directions (with the X direction aligned along the molecular chain orientation). B Enlarged view of the 10 GHz results with key functional groups highlighted by colored rectangles. C Probability density distributions of \({C}_{\max }\) for the imide, ester, and spacer parts