Fig. 2

A block diagram showing the conditions tested in this study. Effects of A salts and their concentrations, B volume constraints, and C varying LA concentrations on LA polymerization and MMD formation. The dehydration was performed at 80 °C for 5–6 days, yielding polyLA. Subsequent rehydration in H2O: ACN transitions polyLA into MMDs, highlighting the critical role of concentration, ionic conditions, and volume in facilitating prebiotic polymerization and droplet formation