Table 1 Brief summary of selected main findings from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention study (DPS)
From: Prevention of type 2 diabetes—success story that is waiting for next steps
First author [reference] | Main findings | Comments |
|---|---|---|
Tuomilehto [3] | 58% reduction in the incidence of T2DM in intervention group | The first individually randomised trial to show that T2DM is preventable by multidomain lifestyle management |
Lifestyle intervention effect maintained over 10 years after the active intervention | Legacy effect possibly associated with long-lasting weight loss and improvement in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion | |
Lindström [6] | Risk reduction of T2DM is associated with high fibre but relatively low-fat diet | The only diabetes prevention trial that reports dietary data in detail |
Wikström [7] Lindström [8] | Educational attainment is not associated with the diabetes risk reduction. DPS intervention participants with a high estimated diabetes risk had the largest risk reduction. | Intervention works regardless of participants’ educational background and seems to be particularly effective in people with a high diabetes risk |
Improvement in insulin sensitivity is strongly related to weight reduction, suggestive evidence that also preservation of the beta-cell function may contribute to the reduced risk of T2DM | Data based on repeated intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and in particular long-term follow-up data on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion indices | |
Diabetes risk is associated with low-grade inflammation, and among the lifestyle factors increasing physical activity and dietary fibre intake are associated with the decreased low-grade inflammation | Dietary fibre may be related to benefits on both insulin secretion and low-grade inflammation | |
Hämäläinen [13] | Lifestyle intervention, in particular weight loss, improves fibrinolysis | Based on repeated measurements of PAI-1 |
Uusitupa [14] | Lifestyle intervention seems to be effective independently of genetic or familiar risk of T2DM | People at high genetic risk benefit significantly from healthy lifestyle and can reduce their diabetes risk |
Lindgren [15] | Lifestyle intervention is cost-saving for payers and cost-effective concerning high-risk people | Important issue to know among health providers |
Uusitupa [16] | Lifestyle intervention seems to be associated with a low cardiovascular risk in people with IGT | Statistical power may not be sufficient in this regard, furthermore we found a particular low risk of CVD in both intervention and control groups |
Tuomilehto [17] | Long sleep duration was associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk | Good sleep is, in addition to healthy diet and physical activity, the third lifestyle component for diabetes prevention |
Penn [18] | Weight loss of 5% or more at year 1 leads to 65% lower diabetes risk during 3 year follow-up | Weight reduction is a useful surrogate for diabetes risk reduction |
