Table 2 Participant characteristics according to NAFLD status (n = 24,389)

From: Association between habitual yogurt consumption and newly diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Characteristics

NAFLD status

P valuea

No

Yes

No. of subjects

19,731

4658

–

Age (years)

38.3 (38.2, 38.5)b

42.0 (41.7, 42.4)

<0.0001

Men (%)

41.2

71.6

<0.0001

BMI (kg/m2)

22.8 (22.8, 22.8)

27.8 (27.7, 27.9)

<0.0001

WC (cm)

77.6 (77.4, 77.7)

92.7 (92.4, 93.0)

<0.0001

TC (mmol/L)

4.59 (4.58, 4.60)

4.95 (4.92, 4.97)

<0.0001

TG (mmol/L)

0.93 (0.93, 0.94)

1.70 (1.68, 1.72)

<0.0001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.62 (2.60, 2.63)

2.93 (2.91, 2.96)

<0.0001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.43 (1.42, 1.43)

1.12 (1.11, 1.13)

<0.0001

SBP (mmHg)

115.9 (115.7, 116.1)

128.7 (128.3, 129.2)

<0.0001

DBP (mmHg)

72.8 (72.7, 72.9)

81.5 (81.1, 81.8)

<0.0001

FBG (mmol/L)

4.85 (4.84, 4.86)

5.43 (5.41, 5.46)

<0.0001

WBC count (×1000 cells/mm3)

5.51 (5.49, 5.53)

6.41 (6.37, 6.46)

<0.0001

Physical activity (MET × h/week)

9.90 (9.70, 10.1)

11.0 (10.5, 11.4)

<0.0001

Total energy intake (kcal/day)

1985.9 (1977.7, 1994.2)

1985.0 (1968.2, 2002.0)

0.92

Carbohydrate intake (g/day)

357.1 (354.9, 359.3)

356.0 (351.5, 360.5)

0.66

Total fat intake (g/day)

44.6 (44.3, 44.9)

46.1 (45.5, 46.8)

<0.0001

Total vegetables intake (g/day)

243.6 (241.4, 245.8)

241.8 (237.4, 246.2)

0.47

Total fruits intake (g/day)

267.2 (263.1, 271.4)

250.2 (242.3, 258.3)

<0.001

Sweet foods intake (g/day)

18.1 (17.7, 18.5)

13.7 (13.1, 14.3)

<0.0001

EPA and DHA intake (g/day)

3.87 (3.84, 3.91)

4.02 (3.95, 4.10)

<0.001

Soft drinks intake (mL/day)

4.83 (4.70, 4.96)

5.37 (5.08, 5.67)

<0.001

Smoking status (%)

Smoker

15.2

28.3

<0.0001

Ex-smoker

4.01

6.88

<0.0001

Non-smoker

80.8

64.8

<0.0001

Alcohol drinking status (%)

Everyday

3.71

2.09

<0.0001

Sometime

53.1

62.1

<0.0001

Ex-drinker

9.78

11.8

<0.0001

Non-drinker

33.4

24.0

<0.0001

Education level (college or higher, %)

68.1

57.9

<0.0001

Working status (%)

Managers

42.6

38.3

<0.0001

Professionals

16.6

17.1

0.37

Other

40.8

44.6

<0.0001

Household income (≥10,000 Yuan, %)

35.0

33.8

0.13

Metabolic syndrome (%)

11.2

55.5

<0.0001

Hypertension (%)

14.3

40.9

<0.0001

Hyperlipidemia (%)

32.6

67.0

<0.0001

Diabetes (%)

1.31

8.18

<0.0001

Family history of disease (%)

CVD

27.4

24.1

<0.0001

Hypertension

47.0

48.1

0.19

Hyperlipidemia

0.27

0.02

0.01

Diabetes

22.9

27.7

<0.0001

  1. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, WBC white blood cell, MET metabolic equivalent, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, CVD cardiovascular disease
  2. aAnalysis of variance or logistic regression analysis
  3. bGeometric mean (95% confidence interval) (all such values)
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