Table 1 Characteristics of included studies.

From: Time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Study design

Participants

Study Duration

Intervention

Control group

Simple size

Age (year)

Sex (F/M)

Body composition

Blood pressure (mmHg)

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)

Lipid level (mg/dl)

Kahleova, 2014

Randomized crossover

Patients with diabetes

12w

eTRE (14:10) + CR (500 kcal/d deficit)

CR (500 kcal/d deficit)

54

59.4 ± 7.0

25/29

Weight:

94.1 ± 15.5(kg)

SBP:

140.0 ± 14.0

DBP:

85.0 ± 8.0

UN

UN

Pureza, 2020

RCT

Women with obesity

12 m

Broader TRE (12:12) + CR (500-1000 kcal/d deficit)

CR (500-1000 kcal/d deficit)

58

31.0 ± 7.0

58/0

Weight:

80.8 ± 11.7 (kg)

WC:

101.0 ± 10.3(cm)

SBP:

125.7 ± 13.5

DBP:

86.3 ± 11.8

UN

UN

Peeke, 2021

RCT

Patients with obesity

8w

eTRE (14:10) + CR (500–1000 kcal/d deficit)

TRE (12:12) + CR (500–1000 kcal/d deficit)

78

44.0 ± 11.0

68/10

Weight:

123.4 ± 20.6 (kg)

UN

103.2 ± 30.8

UN

Lin, 2021

RCT

Middle-aged women with overweight or obesity

8w

Broader TRE (16:8) + CR (1400 kcal/d)

CR (1400 kcal/d)

63

54.2 ± 7.9

63/0

Weight:

65.9 ± 9.2 (kg)

WC:

88.4 ± 8.9 (cm)

SBP:

121.2 ± 14.4

DBP:

73.2 ± 10.8

88.9 ± 8.1

TC: 187.5 ± 34.7

TG: 106.1 ± 43.2

LDL: 108.0 ± 529.2

Jamshed, 2022

RCT

Patients with obesity

14w

eTRE (16:8) + CR (500 kcal/d deficit)

CR (500 kcal/d deficit)

90

43.0 ± 11.0

78/18

Weight:

108.8 ± 20.6(kg)

Fat mass:

52.5 ± 14.4(kg)

SBP:

124.0 ± 13.0

DBP:

81.0 ± 9.0

105.0 ± 16.0

TC: 203.0 ± 38.0

TG: 117.0 ± 64.0

LDL: 118.0 ± 28.0

Queiroz, 2022

RCT

Patients with overweight or obesity

8w

eTRE (16:8) + CR (25 % energy deficit)

dTRE (16:8) + CR (25 % energy deficit)

CR (25 % energy deficit)

48

30.0 ± 6.0

31/6

Weight:

82.9 ± 12.8(kg)

SBP:

111.0 ± 12.0

DBP:

77.0 ± 11.0

98.0 ± 8.0

TG: 95.0 ± 33.0

Liu, 2022

RCT

Patients with obesity

12 m

eTRE (16:8) + CR (man: 1500-1800kcal/day, woman: 1200- 1500 kcal/day)

CR (man: 1500-1800kcal/day, woman: 1200- 1500 kcal/day)

139

31.9 ± 9.1

71/68

Weight:

88.2 ± 11.6(kg)

Fat mass:

33.1 ± 6.8(kg)

Lean mass:

51.0 ± 8.5

SBP:

125.0 ± 12.1

DBP:

73.8 ± 9.5

91.5 ± 14.4

TC: 196.3 ± 35.4

TG: 133.8 ± 61.0

LDL: 130.1 ± 31.8

Thomas, 2022

RCT

Patients with BMI of 27 to 45 kg/m2

12w

eTRE(14:10) + CR(10-35% energy deficit)

CR (10-35% energy deficit)

85

38 ± 7.8

69/16

Weight:

94.8 ± 18.2

Fat mass:

40.7 ± 11.5

UN

UN

UN

  1. BMI Body mass index, RCT Randomized controlled trial, TRE Time-restricted eating, eTRE early time-restricted eating, dTRE Delayed time-restricted eating, CR calorie restriction, F Female, M Male, WC Waist circumference, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglycerides, LDL low-density lipoprotein.
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