Table 3 Mixed-effects linear regression models to explore the association between free sugar intake and different eating occasions and settings.

From: The distribution of school-aged adolescents’ free sugar intake across the day: A cross-sectional study

 

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Mean difference in free sugar intake (g) (95% CI)

p value

Mean difference in free sugar intake (g) (95% CI)

p value

Mean difference in free sugar intake (g) (95% CI)

p value

Eating occasion

 Breakfast

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Lunch

1.30 (0.05, 2.54)

0.04

-7.86 (-8.87, -6.84)

<0.001

-7.86 (-8.88, -6.84)

<0.001

  Evening Meal

-1.05 (-2.30, 0.20)

0.10

-11.82 (-12.85, -10.80)

<0.001

-11.83 (-12.85, -10.81)

<0.001

 Snacks

17.39 (16.14, 18.64)

<0.001

7.70 (6.68, 8.72)

<0.001

7.69 (6.67, 8.71)

<0.001

Setting

 Intake in school

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Intake outside school

22.23 (20.44, 24.02)

<0.001

3.20 (1.69, 4.72)

<0.001

3.18 (1.67, 4.69)

<0.001

  1. aSchool and participant ID are included as random effects, no fixed effects variables
  2. bSchool and participant ID are included as random effects, energy intake for the eating occasion or setting is included as a fixed effect variable
  3. cSchool and participant ID are included as random effects, energy intake for the eating occasion or setting, age, gender ethnicity and IMD quintile included as fixed effects variables
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