Table 1 Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics of schoolchildren aged 5–8 years from public schools in southern Brazil.
All subjects (n = 204) | Girls (n = 97) | Boys (n = 107) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 6 (6–7) | 7 (6–7) | 6 (6–7) | 0.255 |
BMI (Kg/m²) | 15.7 (14.5–17.9) | 15.4 (14.2–18.6) | 16.1 (14.8–17.9) | 0.102 |
z-scores | 0.453* | |||
Severe thinness (< -3 SD) | 3 (1.5) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.9) | |
Thinness (≥ -3 to < -2 SD) | 4 (2.0) | 2 (2.1) | 2 (1.9) | |
Healthy (≥ -2 to ≤ +1 SD) | 134 (65.7) | 68 (70.1) | 66 (61.7) | |
Overweight (> +1 to ≤ +2 SD) | 30 (14.7) | 12 (12.4) | 18 (16.8) | |
Obesity (> +2 to ≤ +3 SD) | 18 (8.8) | 10 (10.3) | 8 (7.5) | |
Severe obesity (< +3 SD) | 15 (7.4) | 4 (4.1) | 11 (10.3) | |
Self-reported skin color | 0.186 | |||
White | 137 (67.2) | 59 (60.8) | 78 (72.9) | |
Black | 21 (10.3) | 12 (12.4) | 9 (8.4) | |
Mulatto | 46 (22.5) | 26 (26.8) | 20 (18.7) | |
Birth weight > 2.5 Kg | 172 (84.3) | 82 (84.5) | 90 (84.1) | 0.934 |
Vaginal delivery | 105 (51.5) | 45 (46.4) | 60 (56.1) | 0.167 |
Breastfeeding | 0.628 | |||
Did not breastfeed | 22 (10.8) | 10 (10.3) | 12 (11.2) | |
≤ 6 mo | 43 (21.1) | 18 (18.6) | 25 (23.4) | |
Between 6 mo - 1 y | 25 (12.3) | 9 (9.3) | 16 (15.0) | |
Between 1 y - 2 y | 44 (21.6) | 22 (22.7) | 22 (20.6) | |
Between 2 y - 3 y | 39 (19.1) | 22 (22.7) | 17 (15.9) | |
> 3 y | 31 (15.2) | 16 (16.5) | 15 (14.0) | |
Number of siblings | 0.604 | |||
0 | 28 (13.7) | 14 (14.4) | 14 (13.1) | |
1 | 75 (36.8) | 38 (39.2) | 37 (34.6) | |
2 – 4 | 79 (38.7) | 33 (34.0) | 46 (43.0) | |
> 4 | 22 (10.8) | 12 (12.4) | 10 (9.3) | |
Birth order | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.475 |
Mother’s educational level | 0.203* | |||
No formal education ( < 1 y) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.9) | |
Elementary (1–8 y) | 79 (38.7) | 39 (40.2) | 40 (37.4) | |
Secondary (9–11 y) | 107 (52.5) | 53 (54.6) | 54 (50.5) | |
Higher ( > 11 y) | 16 (7.8) | 5 (5.2) | 11 (10.3) | |
Familiar monthly income** | 0.447* | |||
< 1 minimum wage | 47 (23.0) | 23 (23.7) | 24 (22.4) | |
1 to 2 minimum wage | 123 (60.3) | 60 (61.9) | 63 (58.9) | |
2.1 to 5 minimum wage | 28 (13.7) | 13 (13.4) | 15 (14.0) | |
> 5 minimum wage | 6 (2.9) | 1 (1.0) | 5 (4.7) |
