Table 3 Results from the multivariable multi-level model for perceived harms from linking DNA and personally identifying information, and for willingness to donate DNA and medical information for research

		Perceived harms (N = 8704)			Donating for research (N = 8704)
Variable	Categories	Beta	95% CI	p	Beta	95% CI	p
Fixed effects
DNA status	Same as other medical information	Ref.			Ref.
	Different	0.57	0.44 to 0.68	≪0.001	0.69	0.57 to 0.8	≪0.001
Genetics experience	Unfamiliar	Ref.			Ref.
	Familiar	0.67	0.51 to 0.81	≪0.001	0.67	0.53 to 0.82	≪0.001
	Personal	0.47	0.22 to 0.7	≪0.001	1.28	1.03 to 1.54	≪0.001
Interaction	Different × familiar	−0.23	−0.43 to −0.02	0.022	−0.24	−0.44 to −0.05	0.016
Interaction	Different × personal	0.00	−0.29 to 0.32	0.99	−0.23	−0.56 to 0.11	0.15
Age	50 and older	Ref.			Ref.
	31−50	−0.11	−0.22 to −0.01	0.03	0.09	−0.02 to 0.2	0.07
	30 and younger	−0.13	−0.25 to 0.01	0.05	0.49	0.36 to 0.62	≪0.001
Gender	Female	Ref.			Ref.
Gender	Male	0.07	−0.01 to 0.16	0.11	0.08	0 to 0.19	0.03
Children	No	Ref.			Ref.
Children	Yes	−0.06	−0.15 to 0.06	0.30	0.15	0.05 to 0.26	0.007
Tertiary education	Yes	Ref.			Ref.
Tertiary education	No	−0.26	−0.34 to −0.17	≪0.001	−0.24	−0.37 to −0.19	≪0.001
Ethnicity	White	Ref.			Ref.
Ethnicity	Other	0.04	−0.09 to 0.18	0.50	−0.34	−0.47 to −0.21	≪0.001
Religiosity	Not a religious person	Ref.			Ref.
Religiosity	A religious person	0.17	0.07 to 0.26	≪0.001	0.12	0.03 to 0.22	0.01
Relationship status	Married/civil partnership/living together	Ref.			Ref.
Relationship status	Divorced/single/widowed	0.01	−0.11 to 0.12	0.89	−0.06	−0.16 to 0.04	0.26
Random effects
Intercept variance		0.02	0 to 0.04		0	0 to 0.003

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