Table 1 Characteristics of the extreme DMD phenotype groups.

From: TCTEX1D1 is a genetic modifier of disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

ID

Variant description

Exons Involved

Phenotype group

Age LoA (years)

Steroid treatment before LoA

Age at last visit (years)

Age of onset of cardiomyopathy (years)

Extreme phenotype cohort: age of loss of ambulation

 ES0SN

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(6912 + 1_6913 − 1)_(7309 + 1_7310 − 1)del

48–50

ELoA

6

no

na

na

 ES065

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.2098C>T

17

ELoA

7

Yes

na

na

ES005

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(649 + 1_650 − 1)_(1482 + 1_1483 − 1)del

8–12

ELoA

7.5

Yes

na

na

 ES074

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(960 + 1_961 − 1)_(1331 + 1_1332 + 1)del

10–11

ELoA

8

Yes

na

na

 ES067

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(6614 + 1_6615 − 1)_(7542 + 1_7543 − 1)del

46–51

ELoA

8.5

Yes

na

na

 ES028

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(6614 + 1_6615 − 1)_(7200 + 1_7201 − 1)del

46–49

LLoA

12

Yes

na

na

 ES050

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(6438 + 1_6439 − 1)_(6614 + 1_6615 − 1)del

45

LLoA

12

Yes

na

na

 ES075

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(7309 + 1_7310 − 1)_(7542 + 1_7543 − 1)del

51

LLoA

12

Not known

na

na

 ES045

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(264 + 1_265 − 1)_(649 + 1_650 − 1)del

5–7

LLoA

15

Yes

na

na

 ES0SW

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(5922 + 1_5923 − 1)_(6290 + 1_6291 − 1)del

42–43

LLoA

Ambulant at 14

Yes

na

na

Extreme phenotype cohort: early cardiomyopathy/long survivor

 SS2

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.1886C>G

16

LS

na

na

32

Not documented

 SS3

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.6553_6553delT

45

LS

na

na

30

Not documented

 SS4

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(7309 + 1_7310 − 1)_(7542 + 1_7543 − 1)del

51

LS

na

na

33

Not documented

 SS6

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(6912 + 1_6913 − 1)_(7309 + 1_7310 − 1)del

48–50

LS

na

na

38

Mild ventricular dysfunction at 35

 SS7

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(6438 + 1_6439 − 1)_(6762 + 1_6763 − 1)del

45–46

LS

na

na

31

Not documented

 SS9

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(7309 + 1_7310 − 1)_(7542 + 1_7543 − 1)del

51

LS

na

na

28

22

 SS11

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(93 + 1_94 − 1)_(649 + 1_650 − 1)dup

3–7

LS

na

na

31

Normal evaluation at 28

 SS12

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(6614 + 1_6615 − 1)_(7309 + 1_7310 − 1)del

46–50

LS

na

na

31

Not documented

 SS13

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(6438 + 1_6439 − 1)_(6614 + 1_6615 − 1)del

45

LS

na

na

31

Mild ventricular dysfunction at 28

 SS17

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.10265dupC

72

LS

na

na

39

No cardiac impairment

 SS18

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(31 + 1_32 − 1)_(93 + 1_94 − 1)dup

2

LS

na

na

32

Not documented

 SS1

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(8217 + 1_8218 − 1)_(8547 + 1_8548 − 1)dup

56–57

ECM

na

na

na

5

 SS8

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(7098 + 1_7099 − 1)_(7309 + 1_7310 − 1)del

49–50

ECM

na

na

na

Cardiorespiratory arrest at 13

 SS10

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(6290 + 1_6291 − 1)_(6912 + 1_6913 − 1)del

44–47

ECM

na

na

na

11

 SS14

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(6117 + 1_6118 − 1)_(7542 + 1_7543 − 1)del

43–51

ECM

na

na

na

11

 SS15

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(264 + 1_265 − 1)_(4071 + 1_4072 − 1)del

5–29

ECM

na

na

na

11

 SS16

NC_000023.11(NM_004006.2):c.(264 + 1_265 − 1)_(2380 + 1_2381 − 1)dup

5–19

ECM

na

na

na

8

  1. Pathogenic variant, age of loss of ambulation, corticosteroid treatment, age of the last clinical assessment and onset of cardiomyopathy. Pathogenic variants are now described using the chromosome position and annotated to the main isoform (Dp427m) with reference sequence NM_004006.2. Exon numbering is based on exons annotated in the reference sequence NM_004006.2. Exons were numbered sequentially staring with exon 1 mapping to nucleotides 1–275. Numbering of downstream exons follows sequentially with e.g. exon 2 directly following exon 1 and being composed of nucleotides 276 up to 337 of NM_004006.2
  2. LoA loss of ambulation, ELoA early loss of ambulation, LLoA late loss of ambulation, LS long survivor, ECM early cardiomyopathy, na not applicable