Fig. 5: Principal coordinates analysis of populations based on hg R1a1 sub-haplogroup frequencies. | European Journal of Human Genetics

Fig. 5: Principal coordinates analysis of populations based on hg R1a1 sub-haplogroup frequencies.

From: Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain

Fig. 5: Principal coordinates analysis of populations based on hg R1a1 sub-haplogroup frequencies.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

The minimum population size is 10, and pooling was necessary to achieve this in some cases, as follows: IoM+ = Isle of Man, Scotland and Ireland; Germany+ = Germany and Bavaria; Iceland+ = Iceland and Inuit; SW Europe = France, Spain, Portugal and Italy; SE Europe = Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Romania and Serbia; NW Europe = Frisia, Netherlands and Denmark. The two ‘GB’ populations omit the Scottish samples. For some populations, sample size was too small for inclusion and reasonable pooling was not possible.

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