Abstract
Background
To compare functional staging classifications in Vietnamese patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).
Methods
A retrospective cross-section study was conducted at a national setting. Two hundred seven eyes of 207 patients were recruited. Patients were tested with standard automated perimetry. Field loss was generally classified in four stages (normal, early, moderate, and severe), using four classification strategies: (1) Hodapp–Parrish–Anderson (HPA), (2) enhanced Glaucoma Staging System (eGSS), (3) modified Glaucoma Staging System (mGSS) and (4) the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS). AGIS as a standard method was used to judge the staging performance of the other three classifications in terms of agreement (Cohen Kappa—K) and association (Chi-Square Test—Cramer’s V).
Results
The agreement between AGIS and mGSS (K = 0.687; p < 0.001) and HPA (K = 0.686; p < 0.001) was substantial while that between AGIS and eGSS was slight (K = 0.103; p < 0.001). The association between AGIS and mGSS (V = 0.748; p < 0.001) and HPA (V = 0.748; p < 0.001) was greater than eGSS (V = 0.594; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
MGSS and HPA showed stronger agreement and closer association with AGIS than eGSS. We recommend mGSS should be used in managing a glaucoma clinic because of its simplicity and convenience over HPA and AGIS.
Similar content being viewed by others
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Brusini P, Johnson CA. Staging functional damage in glaucoma: review of different classification methods. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52:156–79.
Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study. 2. Visual field test scoring and reliability. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:1445–55.
Brusini P, Filacorda S. Enhanced Glaucoma Staging System (GSS 2) for classifying functional damage in glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2006;15:40–46.
Chakravarti T. Assessing precision of Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria for staging early glaucomatous damage in an ocular hypertension cohort: a retrospective study. Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol. 2017;6:21–7.
Anderson DRP, Patella Vincent Michae. Automated static perimetry. St. Louis: Mosby; 1999.
Hirasawa K, Shoji N, Morita T, Shimizu K. A modified glaucoma staging system based on visual field index. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol = Albrecht von Graefes Arch fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. 2013;251:2747–52.
Hodapp E PRI, Anderson DR. Clinical decisions in glaucoma, 1st ed. St Louis: Mosby; 1993.
Tan NYQ, Tham Y-C, Koh V, Nguyen DQ, Cheung CY, Aung T, et al. The effect of testing reliability on visual field sensitivity in normal eyes: the singapore chinese eye study. Ophthalmology. 2018;125:15–21.
Ng M, Sample P, Pascual J, Zangwill L, Girkin C, Liebmann J, et al. Comparison of visual field severity classification systems for glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2012;21:551–61.
Brusini P. Five-stage glaucoma damage classification using FDT indices. Acta Ophthalmol Scand Suppl. 2002;236:21–2.
Malik R, Swanson WH, Garway-Heath DF. ‘Structure-function relationship’ in glaucoma: past thinking and current concepts. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;40:369–80.
Brusini P, Tosoni C. Staging of functional damage in glaucoma using frequency doubling technology. J Glaucoma. 2003;12:417–26.
Kocak I, Zulauf M, Bergamin O. Evaluation of the Brusini glaucoma staging system for typing and staging of perimetric results. Ophthalmol J Int d’ophtalmol Int J Ophthalmol Z Augenheilkd. 1998;212:221–7.
Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, Quigley HA, Aung T, Cheng CY. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:2081–90.
Kapetanakis VV, Chan MP, Foster PJ, Cook DG, Owen CG, Rudnicka AR. Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100:86–93.
Cho HK, Kee C. Population-based glaucoma prevalence studies in Asians. Surv Ophthalmol. 2014;59:434–47.
Nguyen N, Mora JS, Gaffney MM, Ma AS, Wong PC, Iwach AG, et al. A high prevalence of occludable angles in a Vietnamese population. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:1426–31.
Peng PH, Manivanh R, Nguyen N, Weinreb RN, Lin SC. Glaucoma and clinical characteristics in Vietnamese Americans. Curr eye Res. 2011;36:733–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hoang, T.T., Van Bui, A., Nguyen, V. et al. Comparison of perimetric Glaucoma Staging Systems in Asians with primary glaucoma. Eye 35, 973–978 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-020-1012-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Version of record:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-020-1012-z
