Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of the types of ocular therapeutics and interventions that can deliver long therapeutic durations of action.

For retinal disorders intravitreal injections are employed to deliver various antibodies, extended release depot preparations and implants, as well as new biologics and some gene therapy. Subretinal injections (after vitrectomy) are used to deliver gene therapy, suprachoroidal injection route is employed to deliver steroids and has potential for use with other agents. Port delivery system anchored at pars plana is used as a reservoir of therapeutic agent that dissolves in vitreous over time. For glaucoma the options include extended release implants in the anterior chamber, MIGS devices and selective laser trabeculoplasty.