Table 1 Baseline characteristics for healthy controls and T2D individuals considering distinct ETDRS groups.

From: Characterisation of progression of macular oedema in the initial stages of diabetic retinopathy: a 3-year longitudinal study

 

Healthy controls

ETDRS 10–20

ETDRS 35

ETDRS 43–47

p value (between the three ETDRS groups)b

 

(n = 84)

(n = 23)

(n = 31)

(n = 20)

Sex, Male/female

39/45

15/8

25/6

16/4

0.499

0.08

0.001

0.019

Age, years

69.2 ± 4.5

69.6 ± 6.0

65.4 ± 5.5

65.6 ± 7.2

0.064

0.706

0.002

0.213

Diabetes duration, years

---

18.3 ± 7.3

16.7 ± 6.5

17.2 ± 4.8

0.766

BCVA, letters

---

82.5 ± 4.2

82.7 ± 4.6

81.0 ± 8.2

0.672

HbA1c, %

---

7.0 ± 1.1

7.3 ± 1.1

8.0 ± 1.2

0.008

LOR INL, CSF, µm (40 healthy controls) (p-valuea)

0.015 ± 0.008

0.018 ± 0.014

0.021 ± 0.017

0.023 ± 0.015

0.353

0.803

0.345

0.032

RT, CSF, µm (58 healthy controls) (p-valuea)

260.6 ± 18.3

265.2 ± 27.3

270.1 ± 27.1

274.1 ± 23.8

0.549

0.393

0.162

0.034

GCL + IPL, Inner Ring, µm (58 healthy controls) (p-valuea)

82.7 ± 5.5

83.0 ± 9.3

77.6 ± 8.1

78.5 ± 6.8

0.098

0.846

0.003

0.018

VD,SCP, inner ring, mm−1 (p-valuea)

22.3 ± 0.9

21.8 ± 1.2

20.9 ± 1.1

21.2 ± 1.3

0.023

0.098

<0.001

<0.001

VD,DCP, inner ring, mm−1 (p-valuea)

17.0 ± 2.1

17.1 ± 1.97

16.2 ± 2.2

16.8 ± 2.0

0.279

0.879

0.078

0.792

VD,FR, inner ring, mm−1 (p-valuea)

23.7 ± 0.9

23.6 ± 1.1

22.6 ± 1.1

22.9 ± 1.2

0.007

0.850

p < 0.001

0.030

FAZ circularity index (p-valuea)

0.69 ± 0.07

0.64 ± 0.16

0.61 ± 0.14

0.57 ± 0.09

0.014

0.636

0.205

p < 0.001

  1. Data presented as Mean ± SD.
  2. BCVA best-corrected visual acuity, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, LOR low optical reflectivity, INL inner nuclear layer, RT retinal thickness, CSF central sub-field, GCL + IPL ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers, VD vessel density, SCP superficial capillary plexus, DCP deep capillary plexus, FR full retina, FAZ foveal avascular zone.
  3. Bold values indicate statistical significance p < 0.05.
  4. Data was not collected for dashed table entries.
  5. aX² test (categorical variables) and Mann-Whitney U-test (continuous variables) for comparison between Healthy Controls and each ETDRS group.
  6. bX² test (categorical variables) and Kruskal Wallis test (continuous variables) for comparison between the three ETDRS groups.
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