Abstract
There has been much interest in the role of oral nicotinamide supplementation in reducing the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers. This article reviews the hypothesised mechanisms of action of nicotinamide, and the available literature outlining its role for this purpose. There have been five randomised controlled trials (RCT), one histopathological study and two case series exploring the effect of oral nicotinamide supplementation on UV-induced immunosuppression of the skin, and incidence of actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). The largest RCT received criticism of the statistical analyses used, but the critics still acknowledged a likely benefit of treatment with oral nicotinamide in reducing the incidence of NMSC. Nicotinamide has a favourable safety profile. Current evidence is not definitive that oral nicotinamide supplementation reduces the incidence of NMSC, but it constitutes a low-risk management option that may be particularly relevant for high-risk individuals, and should be discussed as an option for these patients.
摘要
人们对口服烟酰胺补充剂在降低非黑色素瘤皮肤癌发病率中的作用抱有极大兴趣。本文总结了烟酰胺现有的可能作用机制并对相关文献进行了概述。有5项随机对照试验(RCT)、1项组织病理学研究和2项病例系列研究探索了口服烟酰胺补充剂针对紫外线诱导的皮肤癌免疫抑制的疗效, 以及其对降低光化性角化病和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌(NMSC)发生率的作用。一项大型的RCT研究虽然由于其统计分析遭到质疑, 但质疑者仍然承认口服烟酰胺在降低NMSC发病率上可能有益处。烟酰胺具有可靠的安全性优势。目前的证据仍不能证明口服烟酰胺补充剂可降低NMSC的发生率, 但它是一种低风险的治疗选择, 适合于高危个体的治疗, 应进一步探讨其作为高危病人治疗选择的可行性。
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RM proposed and devised the scope of the article, critically reviewed and made edits to the article. SH undertook the literature search, wrote the article and made edits. AJ contributed to the literature search and writing of the article, critically reviewed the article and suggested edits.
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Hunt, S.V., Jamison, A. & Malhotra, R. Oral nicotinamide for non-melanoma skin cancers: A review. Eye 37, 823–829 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-022-02036-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-022-02036-z
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