Table 2 Associations with presenting vision as measured by the ETDRS.

From: Presenting clinical characteristics of open globe injuries in ocular trauma: baseline analysis of cases in the ASCOT national clinical trial

Variable

Zero-inflated negative binomial

Zero-Inflated Logistic Regression (ETDRS = 0)

 

IRRa

95% CI

p value

ORb

95% CI

p value

Previous primary repair

      

 No (reference)

      

 Yes

1.1

0.63, 1.91

0.742

   

Classification

      

 Rupture (reference)

  

0.801

   

 Penetration

0.92

0.60, 1.43

    

 Perforation

0.54

0.07, 4.10

    

 IOFB

1.13

0.63, 2.04

    

Extension zone

      

 Cornea (reference)

  

0.274

   

 Scleral–anterior to muscle insertion

1.37

0.92, 2.04

    

 Scleral–posterior to muscle insertion

1.13

0.67, 1.92

    

Previous eye surgery (eye operating on)

     

 No (reference)

  

0.001

   

 Yes

0.41

0.25, 0.69

    

Macular disease

      

 No (reference)

  

0.98

   

 Yes

0

0

    

Other eye history

      

 No (reference)

  

0.249

   

 Yes

0.74

0.45, 1.23

    

Visual axis corneal scar

      

 No (reference)

  

0.048

   

 Yes

1.59

1.0, 2.51

 

2.33

0.95, 5.67

0.063

Hyphaema

      

 None (reference)

  

0.469

  

0.018

 <50%

1.14

0.60, 2.17

 

5.24

1.34, 20.54

 

 >50%

0.48

0.14, 1.64

 

6.55

0.78, 55.24

 

Lens status

      

 Clear (reference)

  

0.128

   

 Cataract

0.74

0.48, 1.14

    

 ACIOL

2.05

0.75, 5.60

    

 PCIOL

1.11

0.60, 2.06

    

 Aphakic

0.69

0.41, 1.16

    

Vitreous haemorrhage

      

 None (reference)

  

0.189

  

<0.001

 VH with no fundal view

0.61

0.33, 1.15

 

8.45

3.07, 23.20

 

 VH with fundus

1.11

0.79, 1.57

 

0.29

0.11, 0.76

 

Endophtamlitis

      

 No (reference)

      

 Yes

1.4

0.39, 5.11

0.606

   

Retinal status

      

 Attached (reference)

  

0.305

   

 TRD

0.64

0.27, 1.53

    

 RRD

1.26

0.85, 1.87

    

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)

     

 No (reference)

      

 Yes

1.38

0.71, 2.69

0.338

7.2

2.30, 22.61

0.001

  1. ACIOL anterior chamber itraocular lens, PCIOL posterior chamber introcular lens, IOFB intraocular foreign body, TRD tractional retinal detachment, RRD rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. VH vitreous haemorrhage, PVR proliferative vitreoretinopathy, ETDRS Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study.
  2. aIRR (Incidence rate ratio) represents the relative risk of a higher ETDRS score for each associated variable relative to the reference group for that variable.
  3. bOR (Odds ratio) represents the odds of ETRDS score ≤0, for the associated variable relative to the reference group for that variable.