Table 2 Visual acuity, vision functioning and socioemotional scale and amblyopia parameters as well as NEI VFQ-25 items for the GPES sample (n = 450) for each study group.

From: Visual acuity, amblyopia, and vision-related quality of life in preterm adults with and without ROP: results from the Gutenberg prematurity eye study

 

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6

Gestational age

GA ≥ 37

GA 33–36

GA 29–32

GA ≤ 28

GA ≤ 32

GA ≤ 32

  

no ROP

no ROP

no ROP

ROP without treatment

treat. ROP treatment

Participants/eyes (n)

140/280

137/274

92/184

18/36

48/88

15/30

Uncorrected visual acuity (logMAR) OD

0.0 (0.0; 0.1)

0.0 (0.0; 0.3)

0.1 (0.0; 0.3)

0.1 (0.0; 0.2)

0.1 (0.0; 0.3)

0.5 (0.0; 0.9)

Uncorrected visual acuity (logMAR) OS

0.0 (0.0; 0.2)

0.0 (0.0; 0.4)

0.1 (0.0; 0.3)

0.0 (0.0; 0.2)

0.1 (0.0; 0.6)

0.3 (0.2; 1.3)

DCVA (logMAR) OD

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.1)

0.1 (0.0; 0.3)

DCVA (logMAR) OS

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.1)

0.3 (0.1; 0.8)

Visual acuity better eye (logMAR) OS

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.1 (0.0; 0.3)

Visual acuity worse eye (logMAR) OS

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.0)

0.0 (0.0; 0.1)

0.4 (0.1; 1.0)

Visual acuity better eye:

  <20/20 (Decimal) (n (%))

9 (6.4%)

7 (5.1%)

8 (8.7%)

2 (11.2%)

10 (20.8%)

9 (60%)

  <20/40 (Decimal) (n (%))

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

4 (4.3%)

0 (0%)

6 (12.5%)

1 (6.7%)

  <20/60 (Decimal) (n (%))

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (2.2%)

0 (0%)

4 (8.3%)

1 (6.7%)

  <20/200 (Decimal) (n (%))

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (4.2%)

1 (6.7%)

  <20/400 (Decimal) (n (%))

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (2.1%)

1 (6.7%)

 Eyes without light perception (n (%))

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.1%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (6.7%)

 No stereopsis (Lang test II) (n (%))

2 (1.4%)

9 (6.6%)

14 (15.2%)

3 (16.7%)

13 (27.1%)

9 (60.0%)

 Red-green color vision deficiency (n (%))

0 (0%)

3 (2.2%)

3 (3.3%)

0 (0%)

4 (8.3%)

0 (0%)

 Self-reported amblyopia (n (%))

10 (7.1%)

8 (5.8%)

15 (16.3%)

3 (16.7%)

13 (27.1%)

9 (60%)

 History of amblyopia treatment (n (%))

5 (3.6%)

6 (4.4%)

6 (6.5%)

3 (16.7%)

10 (20.8%)

9 (60%)

 Unilateral amblyopia at examination (n (%))

2 (1.4%)

4 (2.9%)

5 (5.4%)

1 (5.6%)

3 (6.2%)

3 (20%)

 Bilateral amblyopia at examination (n (%))

1 (0.7%)

2 (1.5%)

5 (5.4%)

0 (0%)

5 (10.4%)

4 (26.7%)

 Any amblyopia at examination (n (%))

3 (2.1%)

6 (4.4%)

10 (10.9%)

1 (5.6%)

8 (16.7%)

7 (46.7%)

NEI VFQ-25 items

  Car driving (yes) (n (%))

127 (90.7%)

123 (89.8%)

86 (93.5%)

12 (66.7%)

32 (66.7%)

8 (53.3%)

  Cancelled car driving due to low VA (n (%))

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

0 (0%)

1 (5.6%)

1 (2.1%)

1 (6.7%)

  Difficulties with reading (n (%))

25 (17.9%)

35 (25.5%)

22 (23.9%)

4 (22.2%)

15 (31.2%)

7 (46.7%)

Vision related quality of life

  Vision functioning scale

91.6 ± 8.0

88.1 ± 11.2a

88.7 ± 10.7a

88.4 ± 8.4

85.1 ± 17.9a

79.1 ± 18.7a

  Socioemotional scale

96.9 ± 4.1

96.0 ± 5.9

95.4 ± 7.0

94.1 ± 13.5

90.9 ± 15.9

88.9 ± 13.7a

  1. Visual acuity is described as median and interquartile range.
  2. Mann–Whitney-U-test was applied to compare VRQoL of the different groups with the full-term control group (reference).
  3. g gram, mm millimetre, GA gestational age, ROP retinopathy of prematurity, y years, n number, OD right eye, OS left eye, DCVA distant corrected visual acuity.
  4. aStatistical difference (p < 0.05) compared to the control group.
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