Fig. 1: Ocular trauma classification systems.
a Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS), classifying injury type [6]. b International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study (IGATES), classifying injury by mechanism, type and location [7]. More than one mechanism may apply: sharp injuries include low mass projectiles at high speed and sharp objects; blunt injuries include high mass projectiles at low speed; mixed mechanism includes very high energy injuries such as blast; IOFB, intraocular foreign body with entrance laceration; bite or sting e.g. from an animal; burn may be chemical or thermal. Type: closed globe injury has no full thickness wound of the sclera or cornea; contusion has no visible laceration; lamellar laceration has a partial thickness laceration; open globe injury has a full thickness wound of the sclera and/or cornea; a rupture is caused by a blunt object; a laceration is caused by a sharp object; a perforating injury has an entrance and an exit wound; lens injury and severe adnexal injury, including injury to the lacrimal drainage system, may occur in conjunction with open or closed injuries. Zone I includes the cornea and limbus.
