Table 1 Summary of included studies.
From: Association between metabolic syndrome and cataract: a meta-analysis
Study | Country | Design | Participants | Sample size | Mean age (years) | Men (%) | Diagnostic criteria of MetS | No. of patients with MetS | Follow-up duration for cohort studies (years) | Methods for the diagnosis of cataract | Type of cataract | Number of patients with cataract | Variables adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paunksnis [18] | Lithuania | CS | Community people aged 35–64 years | 1282 | 50 | 44.7 | NCEP-ATP III | 294 | NA | Ophthalmologic examination | Overall cataract | 236 | Age and sex |
Lindblad [19] | Sweden | PC | Community women aged 49–83 years | 35,369 | 62.1 | 0 | IDF | 124 | 8.2 | ICD-10 codes | Cataract surgery | 4508 | Age, smoking, alcohol consumption, use of steroid medication, use of vitamin supplement and educational level |
Galeone [20] | Italy | CC | Hospitalized patients for acute, non-neoplastic conditions | 2283 | 62 | 47 | IDF | 147 | NA | Ophthalmologic examination | Cataract surgery | 761 | Age, sex, and study centre |
Sabanayagam [21] | Singapore | CS | Community people aged 40–80 years | 2794 | 58.2 | 48.3 | NCEP-ATP III | 1194 | NA | Ophthalmologic examination | Overall cataract | 1268 | Age, sex, education, and smoking status |
Maralani [22] | Australia | PC | Community people aged 35 years or older | 1997 | 63.9 | 42.3 | IDF | 246 | 10 | Ophthalmologic examination | Overall cataract | 857 | Age, sex, eye disease at baseline, preexisting DM, CAD, and stroke, and family history of blindness |
Park [23] | Korea | CS | Community people aged 40 years or older | 11,076 | 56 | 43.1 | NCEP-ATP III | 4364 | NA | Ophthalmologic examination | Overall cataract | 5406 | Age, sex, income, education, residential area, smoking status, drinking alcohol, exercise, occupation, family history of eye disease, and sun exposure |
Lindblad [24] | Sweden | PC | Community men aged 45–79 years | 45,049 | 59.2 | 100 | IDF | 880 | 15 | ICD-10 codes | Cataract surgery | 7573 | Age, smoking, alcohol consumption, steroid medication use, vitamin supplement use, educational level, and physical activity |
Jee [25] | Korea | CS | Community people aged 50–77 years | 40,262 | 57.9 | 47.7 | NCEP-ATP III | 6971 | NA | Self-reported clinically diagnosed cataract | Overall cataract | 1972 | Age, sex, residence area, BMI, and energy intake |
Chang [26] | Taiwan | CS | Community people aged 31–77 years | 121,380 | 49.9 | 35.9 | NCEP-ATP III | 34,817 | NA | Self-reported clinically diagnosed cataract | Overall cataract | 17,320 | Age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, HGB, TC, LDL-C, eGFR, and UA |
Xu [27] | UK | PC | Community people aged 40–69 years | 117,972 | 56.5 | 50 | NCEP-ATP III | 32,092 | 11 | ICD-10 codes | Overall cataract | 4172 | Age, sex, ethnicity, education, SES, smoking, alcohol drinking, and sun exposure |
