Table 2 Ideal referral timelines and recommended referral pathway.

From: Assessment and management of dry eye disease in the UK: standardising reality-based best practice

Timeline

Issue

Referral to:

Urgent

Corneal melting

Eye casualty/corneal specialist

Urgent

Signs of infection or ulceration

Eye casualty/corneal specialist

Urgent

Corneal thinning with impending perforation

Eye casualty/corneal specialist

Soon

Confluent SPK

Eye casualty/corneal specialist

Soon

Filamentary keratitis

General ophthalmology

Routine

DED refractory to treatment

Corneal specialist

Routine

Systemic associations

General ophthalmologist (or corneal specialist if additional red flags are present)

  1. Note: Timeframes for referrals may vary according to local resources. Terminology may vary locally: for the purposes of this article, urgent referrals should ideally be within 24–48 h, soon referrals within one week to one month and routine referrals within several months.