Fig. 1: Subsets of macrophages for adoptive cell therapies.

Macrophages may be isolated or generated from tissues, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In fact, the origin and the starting cell material for the derivation of macrophages should be evaluated prior to generation. While the iPSC technology would allow for scalable and continuous generation of predominantly primitive macrophages, generation of HSC- or peripheral blood derived monocyte-derived macrophages would allow only for a single derivation of definitive cells. Following an, e.g., macrophage enhancement and/or purification step, generated macrophages may be infused into the patient to improve disease symptoms.