Fig. 4: Capless IRES-initiated mRNA vectors with double hairpins at the 5’ end require a poly(A) tail for HA expression in MDCK cells and mouse myoblasts and induce anti-HA antibody production when delivered as a vaccine.

a mRNA vector schematics. b HA expression in MDCK cells and mouse myoblasts (MB) 12 h after transfection with equimolar concentrations of the indicated mRNA vectors. ELISA data are normalized to the signal after transfection with vector E(HA) separately for MDCK cells and myocytes. (n = 4 independent experiments done at separate times, *P < 0.05). c HA expression in MDCK cells 12 h after transfection with equimolar concentrations of phosphatase-treated or -untreated mRNA vectors. ELISA data are normalized to the signal after transfection with the untreated mRNA vector E(HA). (n = 4 independent experiments done at separate times, *P < 0.05). d Anti-HA IgG titers three weeks after the last vaccination in individual mice immunized with a HA-mRNA vaccine that contained either the E(HA) or E(HA)-ph mRNA vectors. Control: data for non-immunized mice. For all comparisons, blood was collected 7 days before the first immunization and 21 days after the third immunization.