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The expression profiles of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in tumors caused by Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV-A) in chickens

Genes & Immunity volume 23, pages 12–22 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Innate immune genes play an important role in the immune responses to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumor formation and metastasis. Here, we determined in vivo expression of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in Synthetic Broiler Dam Line (SDL) chickens following RSV-A infection. The mRNA expression of genes was determined at the primary site of infection and in different organs of progressor, regressor and non-responder chicks, using RT-qPCR. Our results indicated a significant upregulation of: (1) chemokines, such as MIP1β and RANTES, (2) the innate immune gene TLR4, and (3) p53, a tumor-suppressor gene, at the site of primary infection in progressor chickens. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression was significantly downregulated in progressor chicks compared to uninfected, control chicks. All of the innate immune genes were significantly upregulated in the lungs and liver of the progressor and regressor chicks compared to control chicks. In the spleen of progressor chicks, RANTES, iNOS and p53 gene expression were significantly increased, whereas MIP1β and TLR4 gene expression was significantly downregulated, compared to control chicks. The lungs and livers of non-responder chicks expressed a low level of iNOS and MIP1β, whereas RANTES, TLR4, and p53 gene expression were significantly upregulated compared to uninfected control chicks. In addition, there was a significant downregulation of RANTES, MIP1β, and TLR4 gene expression in non-responder chicks. These results suggest the different response to infection of chicks with RSV-A is due to differential changes in the expression of innate immune genes in different organs.

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Fig. 1: In vivo expression of various immune regulatory/ apoptotic genes at different time points in the primary tumor.
Fig. 2: In vivo expression kinetics of various immune regulatory/ apoptotic genes at different time points in lung.
Fig. 3: In vivo expression kinetics of various immune regulatory/ apoptotic genes at different time points in liver.
Fig. 4: In vivo expression kinetics of various immune regulatory/ apoptotic genes at different time points in spleen.

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Any raw data presented in this study is available on request to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by research grants from the Indian Council for Agricultural Research to the Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP. We are sincerely grateful for the facilities provided by Director CARI, Izatnagar, and Director IVRI, Izatnagar, that allowed us to conduct the research presented in this manuscript. We are very thankful to Dr. Alka Tomar, Principal Scientist, Tumor Immunology Lab, IVRI, Izatnagar for providing us Bryan Standard strain of RSV-A (Rous associated virus-2) [BS-RSV-A (RAV-2)].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Vishwa M. Khare

  2. Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India

    Vishwa M. Khare & Vishesh K. Saxena

  3. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA

    Mariah A. Pasternak, Angelique Nyinawabera & Amit K. Tiwari

  4. Animal Science Department, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP, India

    Kunwar B. Singh

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, USA

    Charles R. Ashby Jr.

  6. Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA

    Yuan Tang

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Contributions

VMK, KBS, AKT, Conceptualization and study direction; VMK, AT, VKS, KBS, experimental design, procured resources, obtained ethical clearance, conducted experiments; MAP, VMK, AKT, AN, YT, data analysis, figure plot, wrote portion of manuscript; YT and CRB revised and edited the manuscript, data analysis; AT and KBS, study supervision and acquired resources and animals.

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Correspondence to Vishwa M. Khare, Amit K. Tiwari or Yuan Tang.

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Khare, V.M., Saxena, V.K., Pasternak, M.A. et al. The expression profiles of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in tumors caused by Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV-A) in chickens. Genes Immun 23, 12–22 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-021-00158-0

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