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The role of B cell immunity in lung adenocarcinoma

Genes & Immunity volume 26, pages 253–265 (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer globally. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, constitutes a significant portion of cases. Adenocarcinoma, the most prevalent type, has seen a rising incidence. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), yet response rates remain unsatisfactory. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are primary ICIs for LUAD, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway between CD8+ T cells and tumor cells. However, LUAD presents a “cold tumor” phenotype with fewer CD8+ T cells and lower PD-1 expression, leading to resistance to ICIs. Thus, understanding the function of other immune cell in tumor microenvironment is crucial for developing novel immunotherapies for LUAD. B cells, which is part of the adaptive immune system, have gained attention for its role in cancer immunology. While research on B cells lags behind T cells, recent studies reveal their close correlation with prognosis and immunotherapy effectiveness in various solid tumors, including lung cancer. B cells show higher abundance, activity, and prognostic significance in LUAD than that in LUSC. This review summarizes the difference of B cell immunity between LUAD and other lung cancers, outlines the role of B cell immunity in LUAD.

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Fig. 1: The interaction between B cells and tumor cell in LUAD.
Fig. 2: The potential molecular regulating B cell immunity in LUAD.
Fig. 3: The communication between B cells and T cells in LUAD.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [82072594, YT; 82073097, 81874139, SL; 82073136, DX] and The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province [2022RC3072, YT].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Long Shu & Yongguang Tao

  2. NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Long Shu, Tania Tao & Yongguang Tao

  3. Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Desheng Xiao & Yongguang Tao

  4. Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Shuang Liu

  5. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Yongguang Tao

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  1. Long Shu
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  2. Tania Tao
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  3. Desheng Xiao
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  4. Shuang Liu
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Contributions

Long Shu conducted the comprehensive literature search, performed data analysis, and drafted the initial manuscript. Tania Tao and Desheng Xiao contributed to the conceptualization of the review framework, participated in critical literature screening, and provided constructive suggestions for refining the content. Shuang Liu and Yongguang Tao supervised the entire research process, oversaw the design of the review structure, and critically revised the manuscript for intellectual content. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript, and Shuang Liu and Yongguang Tao also coordinated the funding acquisition and project administration.

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Correspondence to Shuang Liu or Yongguang Tao.

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Shu, L., Tao, T., Xiao, D. et al. The role of B cell immunity in lung adenocarcinoma. Genes Immun 26, 253–265 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-025-00331-9

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