Fig. 6: A schematic diagram summarizing our findings for cell-type specific dysregulation of TRAIL, RANKL, and TWEAK signaling pathways in ASD. | Genes & Immunity

Fig. 6: A schematic diagram summarizing our findings for cell-type specific dysregulation of TRAIL, RANKL, and TWEAK signaling pathways in ASD.

From: A multi-omics approach reveals dysregulated TNF-related signaling pathways in circulating NK and T cell subsets of young children with autism

Fig. 6

Our study demonstrates upregulated levels of TNFSF10, TNFSF11, and TNFSF12 in the circulating plasma in ASD, with B cells, CD4 T cells, and NK cells likely contributing to these upregulations. In CD8 T cells, TRAIL and TWEAK signaling pathways are inhibited, ultimately leading to impaired cell fate regulation and a reduced inflammatory response. Although RANKL signaling is induced in both NK cells and CD4 T cells leading to an enhanced inflammatory response, the TWEAK signaling pathway is disrupted in NK cells resulting in inhibited inflammation in another population of this cell type. The green arrow indicates cell types producing a specific ligand, while the red arrow denotes the proposed signaling effect on their specific receptor.

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