Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study population.

From: A multi-omics approach reveals dysregulated TNF-related signaling pathways in circulating NK and T cell subsets of young children with autism

Characteristic

Categories

Total (n = 72)

Control (n = 24)

ASD (n = 48)

p-value

Age

 

Age in years

3.37 (2.97–3.69)

3.46 (2.82–3.71)

3.37 (3.02–3.67)

0.895

Sex

 

Male

61(84.7)

20 (83.3)

41 (85.4)

0.535

 

Female

11 (15.3)

4 (16.7)

7 (14.6)

Family history of ASD

 

Yes

–

N/A

10 (20.8)

–

 

No

–

N/A

38 (79.2)

Consanguinity

 

Yes

21 (29.2)

10 (41.7)

11 (22.9)

0.099

 

No

51 (70.8)

14 (58.3)

37 (77.1)

Method of reproduction

 

Natural

69 (95.8)

23 (95.8)

46 (95.8)

0.710

 

Assisted (IVF)

3 (4.2)

1 (4.2)

2 (4.2)

Maternal complications

 

Yes

27 (37.5)

7 (29.2)

20 (41.7)

0.302

 

Diabetes

18 (25)

4 (16.7)

14 (29.2)

 

Hypertension

2 (2.8)

0 (0)

2 (4.2)

 

Allergy

2 (2.8)

0 (0)

2 (4.2)

 

Multiple conditions (asthma, allergy, diabetes, and/or hypertension)

4 (5.6)

3 (12.5)

1 (2.1)

 

No

45 (62.5)

17 (70.8)

28 (58.3)

Pregnancy duration

 

< 9 months

4 (5.6)

2 (8.3)

2 (4.2)

0.407

 

≥ 9 months

68 (94.4)

22 (91.7)

46 (95.8)

Maternal age at labor

 

Age in years

31.00 (23.00–42.00)

31.00 (23.00–40.00)

30.05 (23.00–42.00)

0.747

 

< 35 years

53 (73.6)

20 (83.8)

33 (68.8)

0.189

 

≥ 35 years

19 (26.4)

4 (16.7)

15 (31.3)

Type of delivery

 

Normal

40 (55.6)

12 (50)

28 (58.3)

0.531

 

C-section

27 (37.5)

11 (45.8)

16 (33.3)

 

Induced

5 (6.9)

1 (4.2)

4 (8.3)

Postnatal complications

 

Yes

10 (13.9)

3 (12.5)

7 (14.6)

0.559

 

Hypoxia

8 (11.1)

2 (8.3)

6 (12.5)

 

Jaundice

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

Hypoxia and Jaundice

1 (1.4)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.1)

 

Others

1 (1.4)

1 (4.2)

0 (0.0)

 

No

62 (86.1)

21 (87.5)

41 (85.4)

Birth weight

 

Weight in kg

3.01 (1.70–4.50)

3.00 (1.87–3.76)

3.06 (1.70–4.50)

0.990

 

< 2.5 kg

10 (13.9)

3 (12.5)

7 (14.6)

0.559

 

≥ 2.5 kg

62 (86.1)

21 (87.5)

41 (85.4)

Nationality

 

Qatari

34 (47.2)

10 (41.7)

24 (50)

0.800

 

Egyptian

19 (26.4)

7 (29.2)

12 (25)

 

Syrian

19 (26.4)

7 (29.2)

12 (25)

  1. Data are presented as medians (lower–upper quartile) or n (%).
  2. P-values were assessed by the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables and Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate for categorical variables. N/A: not applicable.
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