Table 1 Summary of clinical, biochemical, and molecular features

From: Biallelic pathogenic variants in the lanosterol synthase gene LSS involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis cause alopecia with intellectual disability, a rare recessive neuroectodermal syndrome

Family

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

F6

F7

Individuals

F1-II-2

F1-II-3

F2-II-1

F2-II-3

F3-II-1

F3-II-3

F4-II-1

F4-II-2

F5-II-2

F6-II-2

F7-II-1

Current age

7 years

3 years

19 years

10 years

12 years

10 years

2 years

6 months

14 years

4 years

11 years

Gender

F

F

M

F

F

M

M

M

M

M

F

DD HP:0012758

+

+

+

+

- / +

+

+

+

+

+

+

ID degree HP:0001249

S

S

Mo

Mo

Mi

S

S

S

S

Mo

S

Epilepsy HP:0001250

+

+

-

-

-

+

+

+

+

-

+

Brain MRI anomalies

+

+

-

ND

-

+

-

ND

+

-

+

Alopecia HP:0001596

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Total cholesterola

Norm.

Norm.

ND

ND

Low.

Norm.

ND

ND

Norm.

Norm.

ND

Chol. precursors

Norm.

Norm.

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

Norm.

ND

Variants status

Het.

Het.

Het.

Het.

Hom.

Hom.

Het.

Het.

Het.

Het.

Hom.

LSS paternal variant

c.1547A>G p.(Asn516Ser)

c.779G>C p.(Arg260Pro)

c.1109+2T>C splice p.?

c.857A>G p.(Tyr286Cys)

c.1417dup p.(His473Profs*32)

Unidentified but allelic imbalance

c.35G>A p.(Gly12Asp)

gnomAD frequency

8.157e-6 (245192/2/0)

8.133e-6 (245916/2/0)

Not found

Not found

3.718e-5 (242038/9/0)

-

Not found

CADD (score) V1.3

23.6

34

24.2

24.5

29.2

-

29.7

PolyPhen-2 (score)

HumDiv

0.997

1.000

-

1.000

-

-

1.000

HumVar

0.620

0.965

-

0.999

-

-

0.963

LSS maternal variant

c.2114C>A p.(Thr705Lys)

c.1194+5G>A splice p.?

c.1109+2T>C splice p.?

c.1810C>T p.(Arg604*)

c.41A>G p.(Tyr14Cys)

c.1955C>T p.(Thr652Ile)

c.35G>A p.(Gly12Asp)

gnomAD frequency

not found

2.894e-5 (276428/8/0)

Not found

1.445e-5 (276908/4/0)

Not found

Not found

Not found

CADD (score) V1.3

24.7

10.58

24.2

34

22.5

27.3

29.7

PolyPhen-2 (core)

HumDiv

0.998

-

-

-

0.999

1.000

1.000

HumVar

0.745

-

-

-

0.869

1.000

0.963

  1. CADD combined annotation dependent depletion, DD developmental delay, Het. compound heterozygous, Hom. homozygous, ID intellectual disability, Mi. mild, Mo moderate, MRI magnetic resonance image, ND not determined, Norm. normal, S severe.
  2. aNormal total cholesterol rate for individual under 20 years: from 120 to 190 mg/dL.