Table 1 Summary of main clinical features in our cohort of 62 patients

From: Elucidation of the phenotypic spectrum and genetic landscape in primary and secondary microcephaly

Main clinical features

Number of cases

Microcephaly

62/62 (100%)

  Primary

36/62 (58.1%)

  Secondary

17/62 (27.4%)

  Unknown onset

9/62 (14.5%)

DDa

58/61b (90.3%)

  Mild

13/61 (21.3%)

  Mild to moderate

8/61 (13.1%)

  Moderate

12/61 (19.7%)

  Moderate to severe

7/61 (11.5%)

  Severe

15/61 (24.6%)

  Severity not determined

3/61 (4.9%)

IDa

24/28c (85.7%)

  Mild

7/28 (25%)

  Mild to moderate

1/28 (3.6%)

  Moderate

8/28 (28.6%)

  Moderate to severe

5/28 (17.9%)

  Severe

3/28 (10.7%)

Abnormal cerebral MRId

27/43 (62.8%)

Epilepsy/seizures

16/61 (26.2%)

Ataxia or movement disorder

15/61 (24.6%)

Behavioral problems

14/61 (23%)

Strabismus

6/61 (9.8%)

Hearing problems

6/61 (9.8%)

Short stature

20/61 (32.8%)

Complex congenital heart defect

4/61 (6.6%)

  1. aDevelopmental delay (DD) and intellectual disability (ID) were classified based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).37
  2. b1/62 cases was a fetus.
  3. c32/61 patients were above the age of 5 years at last investigation and 28/32 were evaluated for severity of ID. 3/28 patients had learning disability and 1/28 had normal intelligence.
  4. dCerebral magnetic resonance image (MRI) was done for 43 patients.