Table 1 Demographics, comorbidities, disease complications, and outcomes of patients with Down syndrome and age, sex, race, and ethnicity-matched controls hospitalized for COVID-19.
From: Individuals with Down syndrome hospitalized with COVID-19 have more severe disease
Total (n = 72) number (%) | Control (n = 60) number (%) | Down syndrome (n = 12) number (%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient demographics | ||||
Median age (IQR), years | 54 (32–60) | 54 (32–60) | 54 (32–59) | - |
Sex | ||||
Female | 36 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | - |
Male | 36 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | - |
Race | ||||
White | 30 (41.7) | 25 (41.7) | 5 (41.7) | - |
Unknown | 42 (58.3) | 35 (58.3) | 7 (58.3) | - |
Ethnicitya | ||||
Hispanic or Latino or Spanish origin | 14/36 (38.9) | 12/30 (40.0) | 2/6 (33.3) | - |
Unknown | 22/36 (61.1) | 18/30 (60.0) | 4 (66.7) | - |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 17 (23.6) | 16 (26.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0.2 |
Atherosclerotic heart disease | 2 (2.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0 | - |
Obesity | 4 (5.6) | 4 (6.7) | 0 | - |
Median BMI (IQR), kg/m2 | 29.0 (23.8–33.1) | 29.0 (23.3–33.4) | 28.7 (26.9–31.3) | - |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 15 (20.8) | 10 (16.7) | 5 (41.7) | 0.11 |
Cancer | ||||
Current cancer | 2 (2.8) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0.3 |
History of cancer | 2 (2.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0 | - |
Liver disease | ||||
Cirrhosis | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | - |
Hepatitis | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
Lung disease | ||||
Asthma | 5 (6.9) | 4 (6.7) | 1 (8.3) | 1 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0 | - |
Interstitial lung disease | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | - |
Chronic kidney disease | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | - |
Neurologic | ||||
Dementia | 4 (5.6) | 1 (1.7) | 3 (25.0) | |
Epilepsy/seizure disorder | 7 (9.7) | 4 (6.7) | 3 (25.0) | 0.01 |
Stroke | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 0.09 |
Transplant <1 year | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | - |
Rheumatic disease | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | - |
HIV/AIDS | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
Hypothyroidism | 7 (9.7) | 1 (1.7) | 6 (50.0) | 0.0003 |
Complications | ||||
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | 15 (20.8) | 10 (16.7) | 5 (41.7) | 0.11 |
Sepsis | 38 (52.8) | 28 (46.7) | 10 (83.3) | 0.03 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 13 (18.1) | 8 (13.3) | 5 (41.7) | 0.03 |
ICU care | 19 (26.4) | 13 (21.7) | 6 (50.0) | 0.07 |
Outcomes | ||||
Median length of stay (95% CI), days | 7.6 (6.6–11.9) | 7.1 (5.5–9.1) | 15.8 (11.9–infinity) | 0.1b |
Patient status at study end | ||||
Deceased | 7 (9.7) | 4 (6.7) | 3 (25.0) | 0.056c |
Discharged | 55 (76.4) | 49 (81.7) | 6 (50.0) | 0.033c |
Still admitted (censored) | 10 (13.9) | 7 (11.7) | 3 (25.0) | |
