Table 3 Relative risk and rate ratio of psychological, cognitive, and socioeconomic impairment among survivors of childhood cancer with NF1 compared with non-NF1 survivors and siblings.

From: Late morbidity and mortality in adult survivors of childhood glioma with neurofibromatosis type 1: report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

 

Glioma survivors

All survivors

Outcome

RRa (95% CI) NF1 vs. non-NF1

RRa (95% CI) NF1 vs. siblings

RRa (95% CI) NF1 vs. non-NF1

RRa (95% CI) NF1 vs. siblings

Psychological outcomes

 Brief Symptom Inventory 18

  Global Distress Index

2.48 [1.25–4.91]

3.59 [1.87–6.89]

1.78 [0.96–3.32]

3.19 [1.71–5.95]

  Depression

1.94 [1.01–3.76]

2.55 [1.34–4.85]

1.25 [0.65–2.42]

2.01 [1.04–3.87]

  Anxiety

3.22 [1.60–6.47]

3.47 [1.81–6.62]

2.35 [1.26–4.38]

2.99 [1.61–5.55]

  Somatization

2.07 [1.05–4.09]

3.08 [1.69–5.60]

1.62 [0.87–3.02]

2.58 [1.41–4.72]

 Behavioral Problem Index

  Depression/anxiety

0.74 [0.29–1.92]

1.66 [0.78–3.52]

0.76 [0.34–1.71]

1.40 [0.69–2.82]

  Headstrong behavior

1.06 [0.40–2.80]

1.22 [0.48–3.14]

0.97 [0.43–2.19]

1.12 [0.49–2.57]

  Social deviance

0.83 [0.27–2.59]

1.37 [0.54– 3.52]

0.84 [0.33–2.13]

1.22 [0.51–2.90]

  Attention deficit

0.87 [0.37–2.03]

1.99 [0.95–4.17]

1.37 [0.74–2.54]

2.20 [1.23–3.94]

  Peer conflict

1.22 [0.77–1.94]

3.09 [2.15–4.43]

1.54 [1.08–2.20]

2.93 [2.03–4.22]

Cognitive outcomes

 Neurocognitive questionnaire

  Emotional regulation

1.43 [0.92–2.24]

2.18 [1.35–3.50]

1.37 [0.91–2.06]

2.06 [1.31–3.25]

  Organization

1.56 [0.97–2.52]

2.45 [1.44–4.18]

1.61 [1.04–2.50]

2.18 [1.30–3.64]

  Task completion

1.50 [1.14–1.96]

3.98 [2.91–5.46]

1.52 [1.16–1.99]

3.45 [2.50–4.76]

  Working memory

1.06 [0.73–1.53]

2.33 [1.58–3.42]

1.05 [0.74–1.50]

1.98 [1.35–2.91]

  Learning/memory

1.17 [0.64–2.15]

11.37 [6.26–20.65]

1.11 [0.65–1.89]

10.92 [6.31–18.88]

 Socioeconomic outcomes

  Unmarried

1.75 [1.05–2.94]

2.56 [1.64–4.00]

1.67 [1.08–2.56]

2.08 [1.41–3.13]

  Living dependently

1.27 [0.92–1.75]

1.72 [1.28–2.27]

1.41 [1.03–1.92]

1.69 [1.28–2.22]

  Unemployed

1.23 [0.96–1.54]

1.67 [1.32–2.08]

1.33 [1.05–1.69]

1.67 [1.33–2.13]

  Income ≤$20,000

1.21 [0.78–1.87]

2.71 [1.74–4.22]

1.50 [1.01–2.23]

2.72 [1.81–4.09]

  Education < college

1.82 [1.18–2.78]

2.00 [1.32–3.03]

1.67 [1.16–2.38]

1.85 [1.32–2.63]

 Service needs

  ADL needs

0.91 [0.50–1.65]

16.59 [8.53–32.28]

1.77 [1.00–3.14]

22.48 [12.52–40.38]

  IADL needs

1.04 [0.72–1.52]

16.01 [10.72–23.92]

1.50 [1.04–2.16]

15.93 [10.70–23.71]

  1. Results include glioma survivors and all cancer survivors.
  2. ADL  activities of daily living, CI  confidence interval, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, NF1 neurofibromatosis type 1, RR rate ratio/relative risk.
  3. aRelative risk and rate ratio adjusted for diagnosis, age at diagnosis, age at survey, gender, race, and treatment by using propensity scores. Learning/memory reported as rate ratio. All other outcomes reported as relative risk.
  4. Italicized entries indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05).
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