Fig. 3: Burden of coding copy-number variants (CNVs) in spina bifida (SB) cases vs. controls.

(a, b) Relative distributions of common and rare coding CNVs in the Qatar case–control cohort. (a) The frequency distribution of common coding CNVs does not significantly differ between cases and controls (P = 0.28). (b) In contrast, a significant enrichment of rare coding CNVs is observed in cases compared with controls (P = 6.75 × 10−7). (c–d) Common and rare coding CNV case–control comparison in the US cohort. (c) Common CNVs per genome distributions do not significantly differ in cases vs. controls (P = 0.34). (d) However, a significant enrichment of rare coding CNVs is found in cases compared with controls in this group (P = 7.59 × 10−4). MAF minor allele frequency.