Fig. 1

Average additive (A) and dominance (D) genetic correlations, estimated via additive + dominance (AD) model (Eq. (1)) between pairs of trials within each water regime—i.e., well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions, and across water regimes (WW/WS). Traits correspond to grain yield (GY, t/ha), number of ears per plot (EPP), anthesis-silking interval (ASI, days), female flowering time (FFT, days), and male flowering time (MFT, days)