Fig. 1

The known effects across Heliconius species of the three major effect wing patterning genes; optix, cortex and WntA (Baxter et al. 2008, 2009, 2010; Reed et al. 2011; Joron et al. 2011; Martin et al. 2012; Papa et al. 2013; Nadeau et al. 2014; Kronforst and Papa 2015; Huber et al. 2015). The colour patterns of the two races of H. melpomene used in this study, H. m. aglaope and H. m. meriana, are shown in Fig. 7