Fig. 3: Spatial scale dependence of PVE estimates in simulated phenotypes.
The broad, intermediate, and narrow effective range of neighbor effects are represented by weak (α = 0.01), moderate (α = 1), and strong (α = 3) distance decay coefficients, respectively. Partial PVE (left) and the difference between the true and estimated total PVE (right) are shown along the spatial scale from the first nearest (s = 1) to the third nearest (s = 3) neighbors, with distinct relative contributions of the self or neighbor effects to a phenotype (PVEself:PVEnei = 1:8 or 8:1; upper or middle panels) and pooled results among all parameter conditions (All; lower panels). The difference between the true and estimated total PVE (right) represents the accuracy of total PVE estimates. Boxplots show center line: median, box limits: upper and lower quartiles, whiskers: 1.5 × interquartile range, and points: outliers. In the left panels, red boxes indicate partial PVEself at s = 0 (corresponded to single PVEself), while blue boxes indicate partial PVEnei at s ≠ 0. In the right panels, horizontal dashed lines indicate a perfect match between the estimated and true total PVE.
